Percutaneous evacuation of diffuse pulmonary interstitial emphysema by lung puncture in a baby with extremely low birth weight: a case report

Percutaneous evacuation of diffuse pulmonary interstitial emphysema by lung puncture in a baby with extremely low birth weight: a case report

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Abstract Introduction Pulmonary interstitial emphysema is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation and can become life-threatening if progression occurs.Therapeutic lung puncture is a treatment option for severe pulmonary interstitial emphysema but has a limited use in babies with extremely low birth weight.We present a case of pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a Japanese baby (1-day-old) boy with extremely low birth weight.The emphysema was blauer hi vis jacket successfully decompressed by therapeutic lung puncture performed with a trocar catheter.

Case presentation The baby was born with a weight of 420g, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the lowest reported birth weight among babies with pulmonary interstitial emphysema.A chest X-ray on postnatal day 2 revealed pulmonary interstitial emphysema, which gradually progressed to diffuse pseudocystic changes.His condition became life-threatening despite the use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and lateral decubitus positioning.We evacuated the pulmonary interstitial emphysema by lung puncture with a trocar catheter to avoid respiratory and cardiovascular collapse.

This resulted in adequate evacuation of the emphysema and visceratuant a dramatic improvement in his clinical condition.Conclusions Therapeutic lung puncture performed with a trocar catheter is beneficial in babies with extremely low birth weight and diffuse pulmonary interstitial emphysema.This treatment option may be broadly applicable, especially in an emergency situation.